A Cytological Study of Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Among Electronic Cigarette Smokers in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara

Objective This study aims to determine how electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use contributes the spread of human papillomavirus (HPV) and assess potential cellular proliferative activity it may produce. Methodology In Madinah, a case-control was conducted between October 2022 March 2023. Two oral cytologic smear samples were collected from each 500 volunteers; 250 consumers cigarettes non-smokers provided two samples. To detect cytological changes HPV infection, these stained using Papanicolaou immunocytochemical techniques. Results Twelve (4.8%) exhibited atypia, while only one (0.4%) nonsmokers' group did. Infection with detected in eight (3.2%) e-cigarette users, but found (0.8%) nonsmokers (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Electronic smoking increases likelihood contracting developing both which, if left untreated, can contribute development precancerous cancerous lesions mouth.